A Window to the Brain

A simple eye scan could reveal future brain development in preterm infants

Doctor performing eye scan on premature infant in NICU
Ryan Imperio, CRA, OCT-C, digital image analyst, imaging a baby to help determine eye and brain health. Photo Credit: Duke Health

This is a summary of a story written by Tori Hall that appeared on Duke Eye Center.

A recent study from Duke University School of Medicine, published in JAMA Ophthalmology, demonstrates how a simple eye scan might help predict brain development in preterm infants. Researchers focused on the retina, the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye, because it is part of the central nervous system and develops alongside the brain. By examining retinal structure shortly after birth, the team identified measurable features that were strongly associated with cognitive, motor and behavioral outcomes by age two.

“Because the retina is part of the central nervous system, it offers us a unique, noninvasive way to study the developing brain,” said corresponding author Dr. Cynthia Toth, distinguished professor of ophthalmology.  

Researchers used a handheld optical coherence tomography (OCT) device that captures high-resolution images with safe infrared light. The scans are quick and noninvasive and can be performed during routine eye exams. 

The need for the tool is significant. Very preterm infants face up to a 50 percent higher risk of developmental challenges. Historically, clinicians lacked reliable ways to identify those most at risk early in life.

A clinician reviewing an OCT scan can assess features such as retinal layer thickness, which correlate with later developmental outcomes. This allows medical teams to move beyond observation and begin forming evidence-based expectations within weeks of birth. If clinicians can identify infants at higher risk for developmental delays earlier, they can intervene sooner.

“Our goal is to give every child the best possible start,” said Toth. “If we can use a quick eye scan to better understand brain development, that’s a powerful step forward.”

For more information on the eye scan for preterm infants, go to Duke Eye Center